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<td width="72%"><!--mstheme--><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica">Below are a number of questions we are frequently asked to answer. You can
contact us directly and we will try to respond to individual enquiries. Please note that
we are a UK & Ireland based organisation. It may not be possible to address the
concerns of visitors from other countries.<!--mstheme--></font></td>
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<p>For more detailed medical information on STI's and related conditions visit the
Association of Genito Urinary Medicine <a href="http://www.agum.org.uk/filescabinet.htm#UK Clinical Effectiveness Guidelines" target="_blank">(AGUM)</a> site</p>
<ol>
<li> <a href="#What are the tiny spots">What are the tiny spots on the
head of my penis?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#How common">How common are genital warts?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#Will genital warts">Will genital warts stay until you have
the right medication? </a></li>
<li> <a href="#How long can">How long can the genital wart virus lie
dormant?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#Do genital warts">Do genital warts cause cancer?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#Is it possible">Is it possible to have genital warts
without ever having sexual intercourse?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#Is thrush">Is thrush a sexually transmitted infection?<o:p></o:p></a></li>
<li> <a href="#Can thrush be cleared">Can thrush can be cleared up
quickly?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#I have an unusual">I have an unusual discharge from my
vagina.What could it be?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#Why should my vagina">Why should my vagina have a horrible
scent even after a shower?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#I have a discharge">I have a discharge from my penis. What
is it?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#What are these sore">What are these sore like things on my
vagina?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#What are the little bugs">What are the little bugs living
in my pubic hair?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#How easy is it">How easy is it to get chlamydia?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#How long does it">How long does it take for a chlamydia
infection to show up?</a> </li>
<li> <a href="#Can you get any">Can you get any sexual infection if you
used a condom?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#How will I know">How will I know if I caught anything from
unprotected sex last night?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#Can a blood test">Can a bloodtest detect all sexually
transmitted diseases?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#I am afraid">I am afraid to go to my doctor and get
checked. Can I treat myself?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#What's the cost">What's the cost of having tests and
treatments at a GUM clinic?</a></li>
<li> <a href="#Where can I get up to date figures">Where can I get up to
date figures of STI's in the UK?</a></li>
</ol>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="What are the tiny spots">What are the tiny spots</a> on the head of my penis?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<!--mstheme--></font><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td width="83%"><!--mstheme--><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica">Pearly penile papules are common, skin-coloured, dome-shaped spots
generally arranged in rows around the edge of the base of the penis. They are most common
in uncircumcised men and often confused with <a href="sti/hpv">genital warts</a>. They
are not related to the wart virus and are different in appearance largely because of their
arrangement in rows and their singular dome shape. Warts by contrast are usually less
linear or clearly defined, can be found in clusters and may take on a more lumpy
appearance. Pearly papules do not cause any irritation and do not require any treatment.<!--mstheme--></font></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="How common">How common</a> are genital warts?<o:p></o:p><!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">There are over 100 types of viruses that
cause warts. They are known as human papilloma viruses (HPV). Only about one third of
these can infect the genital area. Current evidence suggests that over 50% of sexually
active adults have been infected with one or more HPV type. The vast majority of these
infections are not spotted and do not pose a long-term threat to sexual health.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="Will genital warts">Will genital warts</a> stay until you have the right medication?
<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Studies suggest that in the majority of
cases human papilloma virus (HPV) infection will clear from the body. We don’t know
if the immune system eliminates the virus or just suppresses it. There is a wide variation
in how individuals experience their infection in terms of how likely the warts are to
return. For some people recurrences are frequent and can go on for years. Others
experience it as a one-off infection. Little is known as to why this should be so.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Without treatment <a href="sti/hpv">genital
warts</a> may disappear, stay the same, or grow larger in size or number. Treatment is
usually given for cosmetic reasons because of their unsightly appearance. There is a whole
range of treatment options with variable results though one does not favour another in
preventing recurrences.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="How long can">How long can</a> the genital wart virus lie dormant?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">It is generally accepted that the time
taken from infection to visible warts appearing is anything from one month to several
years.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="Do genital warts">Do genital warts</a> cause cancer?<o:p></o:p><!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify">There are
over 100,000 cases of genital warts treated each year in <a href="clinics/whatisa">GUM
clinics</a> of England & Wales. Cervical cancer is rare, less than 2,000 cases per
year. Most genital warts are caused by types 6, 9, 11 and are of no consequence. Types 16,
18, 33 have been associated with cancer but then only if present for a long time and
coupled with other factors ie. smoking. Only a minority of women with these specific virus
types will go on to develop cancer of the cervix. If they do then it generally progresses
at an extremely slow rate. It is therefore felt unnecessary to perform smear tests more
frequently than every 3 to 5 years. A woman with a wart on her cervix usually is
recommended to have a <a href="glossary#Colposcopy">colposcopy</a> performed to closer
look at it and possibly take a biopsy, to more fully assess the situation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="Is it possible">Is it possible</a> to have genital warts without ever having sexual
intercourse?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Non-sexual spread of genital warts due to
the human papilloma virus (HPV) has been documented though it is felt to be rare. It may
be possible to pass on the virus to the genital area from warts on the fingers but this is
unlikely to happen often.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify">Infants
born to women with genital warts during pregnancy very rarely develop laryngeal (throat)
warts. Pregnancy can often trigger warts to grow in size and number and can be treated.
There is no justification to perform a caesarean section delivery as a result of their
presence</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify">Genital
HPV infections are transmitted almost exclusively through sexual contact. Infection is
rarely found in people who have not had sexual intercourse. The more sexual partners a
person has had, the more likely they are of acquiring the infection. It is thought that up
to 90% of longer-term partners of people with HPV will themselves become infected. There
is no evidence to suggest that condom use provides an effective barrier to transmission of
HPV.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="Is thrush">Is thrush</a> a sexually transmitted infection?<o:p></o:p><!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">It is estimated that 3 out of 4 women will
experience a <a href="sti/candida">thrush infection</a> of the genital area caused by
the yeast, candida albicans. Over half of these will experience a recurrence. 5% of women
will suffer thrush for prolonged periods of time. Its presence is considered normal in the
vagina and gut. Pregnancy, oral contraceptives, diabetes and <a href="glossary#Antibiotics">antibiotics</a> have all been implicated in playing a role
in provoking a flare up of candida. Sexual transmission can occur but this does not play a
major role in the spread of the condition. Improved lubrication during sex can help with
the use of products such as senselle, KY jelly.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Sufferers commonly report how tight,
restrictive, poorly ventilated clothing and nylon underwear encourages thrush. Some also
find that chlorinated swimming pools, feminine hygiene sprays, vaginal douches and
perfumed toilet paper provoke an attack.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Itching is usual and a discharge may be
present. This is often described as ‘cottage-cheese-like’ in character though it
can vary from watery to thick in consistency. Soreness, burning, irritation, painful sex,
and stinging urine are often experienced. It is not usually associated with a particular
smell. Symptoms are often most marked the week leading up to a menstrual bleed. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Male partners of women with thrush can
experience a rash, redness of the penis, itching and a burning sensation minutes or hours
after unprotected sexual intercourse. These frequently disappear especially after a
shower. Treatment should be applied if they persist.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="Can thrush be cleared">Can thrush be cleared</a> up quickly?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">A variety of highly effective treatments
for thrush are available in the form of <a href="medications/canestan">creams, vaginal
pessaries</a> and oral tablets. Only a small number of cases prove resistant to treatment.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="I have an unusual">I have an unusual</a> discharge from my vagina. What could it be?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">The three major categories of abnormal <a href="glossary#Discharge">discharge</a> are an increase amount, abnormal odour, or
abnormal colour, often yellow. The reporting of such symptoms is not always an accurate
indication of infection as there are several causes of a vaginal discharge. Where an
infection is present, an increased amount of discharge is more likely to be due to <a href="sti/bvag">bacterial vaginosis</a> or <a href="sti/tv">trichomoniasis</a> as
opposed to <a href="sti/gc">gonorrhoea</a>, <a href="sti/chlamydia">chlamydia</a>
or <a href="sti/candida">thrush</a>. It is always best to seek medical advice should
an unusual discharge appear and/or persist.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="Why should my vagina">Why should my vagina</a> have a horrible scent even after a
shower?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">An unusual odour, often described as a
‘fishy’ smell is often associated with <a href="sti/bvag">bacterial
vaginosis</a>. It can appear worse after unprotected sexual intercourse. Many women
believe the odour is owing to poor hygiene, are embarrassed about the symptoms and
therefore do not report this. <a href="/">Trichomoniasis</a> caused by the
germ trichomonas vaginalis is the next likely cause. This often has a frothy discharge. <a href="sti/gc">Gonorrhoea</a> and <a href="sti/chlamydia">chlamydia</a> are not
usually reported as having a strong smelling discharge.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="I have a discharge">I have a discharge</a> from my penis. What is it?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">A penile <a href="glossary#Discharge">discharge</a>
is often due to <a href="sti/gc">gonorrhoea</a>, <a href="sti/chlamydia">chlamydia</a>
or <a href="sti/nsu">non-specific urethritis</a> (NSU). In the case of NSU, chlamydia
is often found to be the cause but there are dozens of other causes, not all of them
sexually related. A medical practitioner should investigate a discharge. In the UK
attendance at a <a href="clinics/whatisa">GUM clinic</a> is recommended.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="What are these sore">What are these sore</a> like things on my vagina?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Sores or ulcers in the genital area are
commonly due to the <a href="sti/hsv">herpes simplex</a> virus (HSV). Less common
causes are the venereal diseases of <a href="sti/syphilis">syphilis</a> and chancroid.
It is crucial that medical advice is sought early. In the case of HSV, the condition can
become quite severe and early treatment may ease the situation drastically. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="What are the little bugs">What are the little bugs</a>
living in my pubic hair?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="sti/pubic">Pubic lice</a> or
‘crabs’ are a sexually transmitted infestation. Because they depend on human
blood for survival, they will rarely leave the body unless there is close personal contact
with another person. Off the body they will survive less than 24 hours. Sensitivity to the
effect of the louse bites can take as little as 5 days but their presence may not be
noticed for weeks. Treatment that kills off both the lice and their eggs is required to
rid the body of them. <a href="sti/partconcern">Sexual partners</a> may also require
treatment.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="How easy is it">How easy is it</a> to get chlamydia?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="sti/chlamydia">Chlamydia</a>
is thought to be highly infectious. There is up to a 70% chance of getting it with a
single episode of unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person. However because
symptoms are commonly absent or very vague, it is unlikely that it will be known about.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="How long does it">How long does it</a> take for a chlamydia infection to show up?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">It usually takes one to three weeks for
men to show symptoms of infection. It may not be possible to detect <a href="sti/chlamydia">chlamydia</a> if a test is performed less than 72 hours after
exposure. Without treatment with an appropriate <a href="glossary#Antibiotics">antibiotic</a>
it is unlikely that the body will clear itself of the infection. It is therefore possible
to test positive for chlamydia from an exposure years earlier. As a consequence it is a
leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease and associated fertility difficulties.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="Can you get any">Can you get any</a> sexual infection if you used a condom?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">To be effective, condoms must be applied
prior to genital contact, must remain intact, and most important must be used consistently
and correctly. Most sexual infections including <a href="sti/hivaids">HIV</a> can be
prevented by the correct use of latex or polyurethane condoms. <a href="sti/hpv">Genital
warts</a> however are not easily prevented from being passed on to a sexual partner even
if condoms are used. Condom failure in terms of breakage can be related to poor storage
facilities and the use of oil-based lubricants. However it is more likely due to incorrect
use.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="How will I know">How will I know</a> if I caught anything from unprotected sex last
night?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify">Don’t
rely on looking for symptoms of infection. Many conditions can be present without a person
realising. Generally speaking the earlier you seek help the easier it is to sort the
situation out. Worry about picking up an infection and all the consequences of this can be
very stressful. It’s better to seek professional help for a full screen for
infections and the opportunity to talk through the related issues. <a href="clinics/whatisa">GUM clinics</a> in the UK are the ideal place to do this.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="Can a blood test">Can a blood test</a> detect all sexually transmitted diseases?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify">No. GUM
clinics in the UK routinely do a blood test for <a href="sti/syphilis">syphilis</a>.
Depending on the circumstances blood can also be tested for <a href="sti/hivaids">HIV</a>,
Hepatitis B and C. Many sexual infections would not show up in a blood test. Swabs and
possibly urine tests may be offered to investigate the presence of some infections like <a href="sti/chlamydia">chlamydia</a> and <a href="sti/gc">gonorrhoea</a>.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="I am afraid">I am afraid</a> to go to my doctor and get checked. Can I treat myself?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify">It depends
on what the problem is. Very few medications to treat sexual infections are available from
a chemist. Even for example if pubic lice or scabies is self-treated it may be important
to exclude the presence of any other conditions. Remember that some infections can be
present and doing damage to a persons sexual health without them even realising that they
exist.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3 style="text-align:justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="What's the cost">What's the cost</a> of having
tests and treatments at a GUM clinic?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">In the UK there is absolutely no charge at
<a href="clinics/whatisa">GUM clinics</a>. It may be possible to reimburse travel
expenses to them too.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
<h3><!--mstheme--><font color="#003366"><a name="Where can I get up to date figures">Where can I get up to date figures</a> of
STI's in the UK?<!--mstheme--></font></h3>
<p>The Public Health Laboratory Service is responsible for collecting statistics on the
diagnoses made when individuals attend UK GUM clinics. Their <a target="_self" href="http://www.phls.co.uk/">website</a> is regularly updated and has links to other sites
which record the picture in other countries.</p>
<p><a href="f_a_q"></a></p>
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